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Types of Electrical Cars

Dissimilar types of electric cars changed and are developed continuously giving users and potential users choices. Today the world is increasingly familiar with the terms BEV, HEV, PHEV and FCEV. How does an electric car work? How an electric vehicle works is depend on the blazon. This commodity volition briefly discuss the types and working principles of electric cars or vehicles marketed in the World and Indonesia today.

An electric car is a vehicle that is fully or partially propelled by electric motors, using free energy stored in rechargeable batteries. The first practical electric cars were produced in the 1880s. Electric cars were pop in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Innovation and advanced evolution in internal combustion engines (ICE) and mass production of cheaper gasoline vehicles has led to a refuse in the use of electric vehicles.

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The development of free energy storage technology, peculiarly battery applied science, makes electric cars become more popular over again at this time. And so how an electric car work really?

How Does An Electric Car Work? – General

When pedal of the car is pressed, so:

• Controller takes and regulates electrical energy from batteries and inverters
• With the controller set, the inverter so sends a certain amount of electrical energy to the motor (according to the depth of pressure on the pedal)
• Electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy (rotation)
• Rotation of the motor rotor rotates the manual and so the wheels plough and then the car moves.

Note: The working principle above is for battery electrical vehicle (BEV) type.

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Types of Electrical Cars

There are 4 (four) types of electrical cars, with the following outline:

• Battery Electrical Vehicle (BEV)
• Hybrid
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
  • Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
• Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)

In cursory, the arrangement architecture of the four types of electric cars above can be seen in the following figure:

You can read more detailed explanation below.

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Battery Electrical Vehicle (BEV)

A Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), besides chosen All-Electrical Vehicle (AEV),  runs entirely on a battery and electric bulldoze railroad train. This types of electric cars exercise non have an ICE. Electricity is stored in a big bombardment pack that is charged past plugging into the electricity grid. The battery pack, in turn, provides power to one or more electric motors to run the electric motorcar.

Compages and Main Components of

Components of BEV

• Electrical motor
• Inverter
• Battery
• Control Module
• Drive railroad train

Working Principles of BEV

• Power is converted from the DC bombardment to Ac for the electric motor
• The accelerator pedal sends a signal to the controller which adjusts the vehicle's speed by changing the frequency of the AC power from the inverter to the motor
• The motor connects and turns the wheels through a cog
• When the brakes are pressed or the electric car is decelerating, the motor becomes an alternator and produces ability, which is sent back to the battery

Examples of BEV

Volkswagen e-Golf, Tesla Model 3, BMW i3, Chevy Bolt, Chevy Spark, Nissan LEAF, Ford Focus Electric, Hyundai Ioniq, Karma Revera, Kia Soul, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Tesla X, Toyota Rav4.

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Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)

This type of hybrid cars is often chosen as standard hybrid or paralel hybrid. HEV has both an Water ice and an electric motor. In this types of electrical cars, internal combustion engine gets energy from fuel (gasoline and others type of fuels), while the motor gets electricity from batteries. The gasoline engine and electrical motor simultaneously rotate the transmission, which drives the wheels.

The difference between HEV compared to BEV and PHEV is where the batteries in HEV can only charged past the Water ice, the motion of the wheels or a combination of both. In that location is no charging port, so that the battery cannot exist recharged from outside of the arrangement, for example from the electricity grid.

Architecture and Main Components of HEV

Components of HEV

• Engine
• Electric motor
• Battery pack with controller & inverter
• Fuel tank
• Control module

Working Principles of HEV

• Has a fuel tank that supplies gas to the engine like a regular car
• It besides has a ready of batteries that run an electrical motor
• Both the engine and electrical motor can turn the transmission at the same time

Examples of HEV

Honda Civic Hybrid, Toyota Prius Hybrid, Honda Civic Hybrid, Toyota Camry Hybrid.

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Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

PHEV is a type of hybrid vehicle that both an ICE and a motor, oftentimes chosen equally series hybrid. This types of electric cars offers a pick of fuels. This type of electric cars is powered by a conventional fuel (such equally gasoline) or an alternative fuel (such bio-diesel) and by a rechargeable battery pack. The bombardment can be charged upwardly with electricity past plugging into an electrical outlet or electrical vehicle charging station (EVCS).

PHEV typically tin run in at to the lowest degree 2 modes:

• All-electrical Mode, in which the motor and battery provide all the motorcar'due south free energy
• Hybrid Style, in which both electricity and gasoline are employed.

Some PHEVs tin travel more than than 70 miles on electricity lonely.

Architecture and Main Components of PHEV

Components of PHEV

• Electric motor
• Engine
• Inverter
• Battery
• Fuel tank
• Control module
• Battery Charger (if onboard model)

Working Principles of PHEV

PHEVs typically beginning upwardly in all-electrical fashion and operate on electricity until their battery pack is depleted. Some models shift to hybrid mode when they reach highway cruising speed, generally above 60 or 70 miles per hour. Once the bombardment is empty, the engine takes over and the vehicle operates as a conventional, non-plug-in hybrid.

In add-on to plugging into an exterior electrical ability source, PHEV batteries can exist charged by an internal combustion engine or regenerative braking. During braking, the electric motor acts every bit a generator, using the energy to charge the bombardment. The electric motor supplements the engine'due south power; as a result, smaller engines can exist used, increasing the motorcar's fuel efficiency without compromising operation.

Examples of PHEV

Porsche Cayenne S East-Hybrid , Chevy Volt, Chrysler Pacifica, Ford C-Max Energi, Ford Fusion Energi, Mercedes C350e, Mercedes S550e, Mercedes GLE550e, Mini Cooper SE Countryman, Audi A3 Due east-Tron, BMW 330e, BMW i8, BMW X5 xdrive40e, Fiat 500e, Hyundai Sonata, Kia Optima, Porsche Panamera Southward E-hybrid, Volvo XC90 T8.

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Fuel Cell Electrical Vehicle (FCEV)

Fuel Jail cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs), also known as fuel jail cell vehicles (FCVs) or Zip Emission Vehicle, are  types of electrical cars that utilise 'fuel jail cell technology' to generate the electricity required to run the vehicle. In this type of vehicles, the chemic energy of the fuel is converted directly into electric energy.

Architecture and Main Components of FCEV

Components of FCEV

• Electric motor
• Fuel-cell stack
• Hydrogen storage tank
• Battery with converter and controller

Working Principles of FCEV

The working principle of a 'fuel cell' electric car is different compared to that of a 'plug-in' electric car. This types of electric cars is because the FCEV generates the electricity required to run this vehicle on the vehicle itself.

Examples of FCEV

Toyota Mirai, Hyundai Tucson FCEV, Riversimple Rasa, Honda Clarity Fuel Cell, Hyundai Nexo.

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Contact Omazaki Grouping  for consultancy and planning to install EVCS in Indonesia for domestic, commercial and industrial purposes, and public EVCS as well. For training related to electrical vehicles (EV), please download the consummate list and catalog at Omazaki Training.

Related Manufactures:

• Electric Automobile Components and Functions
• Electric Car Batteries and Characteristics
• Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS)
• Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (WEVCS) Engineering

References:

• https://www.caa.ca/electric-vehicles/types-of-electrical-vehicles/#bev
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_car
• https://world wide web.seai.ie/technologies/electric-vehicles/what-is-an-electrical-vehicle/types-of-electric-vehicle/
• https://www.evgo.com/why-evs/types-of-electric-vehicles/
• http://world wide web.ieahev.org/about-the-technologies/plug-in-hybrid-electric-vehicles/
• Kenneth Barnett – The Hybrid Automobile: A wait at the futurity of automobile
• https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/howelectriccarswork.php
• https://www.pkw-label.de/alternative-antriebe/elektrofahrzeuge-bevphevreev
• https://www.elektromobilitaet.nrw/infos/e-auto/?L=0

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Source: https://www.omazaki.co.id/en/types-of-electric-cars-and-working-principles/

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